Courage to Learn ML: Decoding Likelihood, MLE, and MAP | by Amy Ma | Dec, 2023

Courage to Learn ML: Decoding Likelihood, MLE, and MAP | by Amy Ma | Dec, 2023

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With A Tail of Cat Food Preferences

Amy Ma
Towards Data Science
Photo by Anastasiia Rozumna on Unsplash

Welcome to the ‘Courage to learn ML’. This series aims to simplify complex machine learning concepts, presenting them as a relaxed and informative dialogue, much like the engaging style of “The Courage to Be Disliked,” but with a focus on ML.

In this installment of our series, our mentor-learner duo dives into a fresh discussion on statistical concepts like MLE and MAP. This discussion will lay the groundwork for us to gain a new perspective on our previous exploration of L1 & L2 Regularization. For a complete picture, I recommend reading this post before reading the fourth part of ‘Courage to Learn ML: Demystifying L1 & L2 Regularization’.

This article is designed to tackle fundamental questions that might have crossed your path in Q&A style. As always, if you find yourself have similar questions, you’ve come to the right place:

  • What exactly is ‘likelihood’?
  • The difference between likelihood and probability
  • Why is likelihood important in the context of machine learning?
  • What is MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimation)?
  • What is MAP (Maximum A Posteriori Estimation)?
  • The difference between MLE and Least square
  • The Links and Distinctions Between MLE and MAP

Likelihood, or more specifically the likelihood function, is a statistical concept used to evaluate the probability of observing the given data under various sets of model parameters. It is called likelihood (function) because it’s a function that quantifies how likely it is to observe the current data for different parameter values of a statistical model.

The concepts of likelihood and probability are fundamentally different in statistics. Probability measures the chance of observing a specific outcome in the future, given known parameters or distributions

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