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People are concerned about the integration of generative AI systems into human jobs. The legal implications of this technology are also being debated. The economists at Goldman Sachs predict that 44 percent of legal work could be automated by AI (Figure 1).1
Figure 1. AI automation in industries
Source: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
However, more than its potential damages, generative AI promises to be beneficial for the legal system and lawyers. In this article, we explain the potential generative AI legal use cases and demonstrate some real life examples for its legal use.
What is generative AI?
Generative AI refers to a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on creating new content, such as text, images, or audio, by learning patterns and structures from existing data. These advanced AI systems have the potential to revolutionize the automation of human tasks, as they can mimic human-like creativity and decision-making processes.
The human-like AI generated content has led to various applications, ranging from generating written content to AI generated images. Notably, the automation of legal tasks, such as drafting contracts or legal documents, has become possible with generative AI, significantly improving efficiency and reducing the workload for legal professionals.
In fact, the latest large language model by OpenAI, namely GPT-4, has advanced in reasoning abilities. GPT-4 is able to pass the bar exam successfully, scoring around 10% of test takers.2
Figure 2. Exam results of GPT-4
Source: OpenAI
What are the potential generative AI legal use cases?
1- Compliance and regulatory monitoring
AI-powered systems can monitor evolving regulations and ensure that businesses remain compliant with relevant laws and industry standards, alerting them to any changes that may impact their operations.
2- Contract analysis and negotiation
AI tools can review contracts to identify important clauses, flag potential issues, and suggest revisions based on best practices, simplifying the negotiation process and reducing the risk of disputes.
3- Document drafting and review
Generative AI can assist in drafting legal documents such as contracts, wills, and pleadings, by using pre-defined templates and input data. It can also help review existing documents for errors, inconsistencies, or potential legal issues.
4- Due diligence
In corporate transactions, generative AI can help automate the process of reviewing large volumes of documents, identifying potential legal risks and issues, and generating due diligence reports.
5- Intellectual property management
Generative AI can help in the process of patent analysis, trademark searches, and infringement detection, making it easier for attorneys to manage their clients’ intellectual property portfolios.
6- Legal research
Generative AI tools can expedite legal research by quickly searching and analyzing relevant case law, legislation, and secondary sources, enabling legal professionals to access pertinent information with ease.
7- Legal chatbots
Generative AI can power chatbots that provide basic legal guidance, answering common questions or directing users to appropriate resources or services, making legal assistance more accessible to the public.
What are some real life applications of generative AI in legal issues?
Law firms have started to use AI softwares that incorporate LLMs like ChatGPT, which are customized for the legal system.
1- CoCounsel
For example, Casetext released the first AI legal assistant CoCounsel, which is powered by GPT-4. CoCounsel mentions that none of the client data are sent to the AI companies for the purpose of using them as training data. The assistant can automate many of the manual legal work, such as:
- Reviewing documents
- Preparing for a deposition
- Summarizing legal documents
2- Harvey
Harvey is one of the generative AI platforms, using OpenAI’s latest LLMs that are fine-tuned for legal issues. It is open to the use of 3,500 lawyers in 43 law offices.3 Harvey functions similarly to the CoCounsel, in automating the similar legal tasks.
Concerning data privacy, Harvey diligently addresses clients’ compliance requirements by anonymizing user information and removing data after a specified duration.4 Users have the option to request data deletion at any point in time.
Will generative AI models replace human labor in the legal field?
Figure 3. AI vs human being performance
Source: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
According to many benchmarks, generative AI tools are outperforming human performance in many tasks (see Figure 3 for an example). This raises concerns whether AI will replace human jobs altogether.
Research by OpenAI and University of Pennsylvania indicates that approximately 80% of the American workforce may experience a minimum of 10% of their job tasks being impacted by the implementation of large language models.5
Although generative AI has started to automate a lot of legal work, legal professionals state that it doesn’t seem possible from this point that AI will replace all human involvement in the legal landscape.6 On the other hand, with generative AI automating most of the time consuming manual tasks, they believe that lawyers will be able to tackle more unique and creative tasks about the legal issues.7
What are the legal problems around the use of generative AI?
Besides the use of generative AI in legal issues, there are legal and ethical problems raised by the very use of generative AI, such as the copyright law concerns and intellectual property rights for AI generated works. If you want to learn more about these, you can check our detailed articles:
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- “Global Economics Analyst The Potentially Large Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Economic Growth (BriggsKodnani).” ANSA, 26 March 2023, https://www.ansa.it/documents/1680080409454_ert.pdf. Accessed 16 April 2023.
- “GPT-4.” OpenAI, 14 March 2023, https://openai.com/research/gpt-4. Accessed 16 April 2023.
- “Will artificial intelligence replace your lawyer–and will its name be Harvey?” Fortune, 1 March 2023, https://fortune.com/2023/03/01/will-artificial-intelligence-replace-lawyers-ai-harvey-aron-solomon/. Accessed 16 April 2023.
- “Harvey, which uses AI to answer legal questions, lands cash from OpenAI.” TechCrunch, 23 November 2022, https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/23/harvey-which-uses-ai-to-answer-legal-questions-lands-cash-from-openai/. Accessed 16 April 2023.
- “[2303.10130] GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models.” arXiv, 17 March 2023, https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10130. Accessed 16 April 2023.
- Supra note 3.
- “Will AI replace lawyers? Two legal experts weigh in.” Fox Business, 11 April 2023, https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/artificial-intelligence-replace-lawyers-two-legal-experts-weigh-in. Accessed 16 April 2023.
Cem has been the principal analyst at AIMultiple since 2017. AIMultiple informs hundreds of thousands of businesses (as per similarWeb) including 55% of Fortune 500 every month.
Cem’s work has been cited by leading global publications including Business Insider, Forbes, Washington Post, global firms like Deloitte, HPE and NGOs like World Economic Forum and supranational organizations like European Commission. You can see more reputable companies and resources that referenced AIMultiple.
Throughout his career, Cem served as a tech consultant, tech buyer and tech entrepreneur. He advised enterprises on their technology decisions at McKinsey & Company and Altman Solon for more than a decade. He also published a McKinsey report on digitalization.
He led technology strategy and procurement of a telco while reporting to the CEO. He has also led commercial growth of deep tech company Hypatos that reached a 7 digit annual recurring revenue and a 9 digit valuation from 0 within 2 years. Cem’s work in Hypatos was covered by leading technology publications like TechCrunch like Business Insider.
Cem regularly speaks at international technology conferences. He graduated from Bogazici University as a computer engineer and holds an MBA from Columbia Business School.
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